A̱marun ba
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Á̱ lyuut ati̱kut wuni di̱n Tyap Maba̱ta̱do ja (Maba̱ta̱do) |
A̱marun ba yet Á̱nietafi̱rika bya mi̱ tsung-a̱byin A̱merika ji ma̱ng bibyin a̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ a̱sa̱khwot A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Ndya wu ba̱ ku shot khwo a̱ni, di̱n vak tyong ku shyiat sa̱t, a̱wot ba̱ si̱ ta̱bat swan da̱ a̱ka̱vwuo na̱ yong ma̱ sa̱t a̱ni.[1] Di̱n Shong, á̱ ngyei mba maroons a̱wot mi̱ A̱merika Si̱pen, á̱ ngyei mba cimarrones.[2][3] Swanga̱lyiat nTyap ji "a̱marun" ku neet di̱ swanga̱lyiat nShong ji ja "maroon" ji̱ bye neet di̱ swanga̱lyiat a̱lyem Si̱pen ji "cimarron" a̱ni.[4]
Á̱niet ba̱ byia̱ a̱ca̱cet a̱ka̱vwuokhap ba ku shuut A̱marun ba ba̱t. Ba̱ si̱ ta̱bat ya̱khwi da̱ a̱ka̱vwuo ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t nang a̱yin si̱ mi̱n ndyen a̱ni bah, a̱ ma̱ a̱yit mbeang nkuu, da̱nian á̱nietba̱ngyok ta̱wap-a̱byin ba ku kwan tyak ma̱ng a̱mba. A̱marun ba ku kwan zwang ya̱khwi ja mat ba̱ ka cok a̱ka̱vwuonswat mba na. Si̱ huni si̱ tsa jhya̱ ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t ma̱ng á̱nietba̱ngtyok ba, nang A̱marun ba na kin mun-a̱pyia̱ di̱n jen jhyang ma̱ng á̱na̱nvan ba̱ nwuo ma̱ á̱nieta̱wap-a̱byin ba ba̱ byian nkyang. Jen jhyang, A̱marun ba na yet á̱kpa̱ndang-a̱bwuanng bya ma̱ng á̱nietnswat ba ku a̱tsak á̱niet-a̱byin wu.[5]
A̱ka̱vwuonswat A̱marun na di̱n jen ma̱ a̱di̱di̱t ni̱ mbyia̱ a̱yaataada ba̱ vwuon ma̱ng á̱si̱ nang susot á̱nieta̱wap-a̱byin ba mbyia̱ a̱ni. Jen jhyang, a̱ka̱vwuo nani ni̱ ntsa lyiat di̱ ntangka̱i lilyem na̱ yet mi̱ kyiai hwa tsi̱tsak lilyem Yurop ma̱ng si̱ Afi̱rika, á̰ byia̱ lilyem nang a̱lyem Sarama̱ka mi̱ Suri̱nam. Jen jhyang, A̱marun ba na ta̱bat lyiat zwá-a̱lyiat ji̱ neet ma̱ a̱lyem Yurop kya á̱ kyiai ma̱ng lilyem ghyáng ku bwuak tyia̱ a̱lyem nang á̱ lyiat ma̱ tai a̱ni.[6] Jen jhyang A̱marun ba ni̱ kyiai ma̱ng a̱tsak á̱niet-a̱byin wu, a̱wot ma̱nang jen sweap a̱ni ba̱ ka tyia̱ a̱yaataada kyiai nang nnwap A̱garifuna ma̱ng Ma̱si̱kogo na a̱ni.[1]

Bwoi-a̱lyoot
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]Swanga̱lyiat nTyap ji, "a̱marun" neet mi̱ swanga̱lyiat Maroon ja ji̱ nwuo da̱ a̱lyem Shong ka mi̱ ndyia̱ 1590 na, neet mi̱ swanga̱lyiat a̱sheili Fi̱ransa ji marron, ji̱ fa 'kyangzwa ku swan a̱yit' ku 'a̱tyutyong' a̱ni, ka̱ doot neet mi̱ swanga̱lyiat a̱lyem Si̱pen A̱merika ji cimarrón ja, ji̱ fa 'a̱shyim-a̱yin' ku 'a̱khwo a̱ tyong' a̱ni.[7][8][9] Mi̱ shyunshyung ndyia̱ 1570 ji, zwáng A̱si̱pen Sir Francis Drake ji ma̱ a̱byin Panama (1572–1573) ku shyia̱ li̱n-a̱ma "A̱si̱meron" (Shong: Symerons) bibya, ku li a ngyei swanga̱lyiat cimarrón ja á̱ cat lyuut a̱wot á̱ si̱ lyuut ansham bah.[7] A̱tyulyenlilyem Leo Spitzer ku lyuut mi̱ kwaa̱mbwat-a̱lyia̱ hu nang á̱ ngyei Language a̱ni nyia̱, "If there is a connection between Eng. maroon, Fr. marron, and Sp. cimarrón, Spain (or Spanish America) probably gave the word directly to England (or English America)" (ku fa: "Ka̱nang a̱meang nshyia̱ tsi̱tsak Sho. maroon, Fi̱r. marron, ma̱ng Si̱p. cimarrón, ku na yet nyia̱ a̱byin Si̱pen (ku A̱merika Si̱pen) kya ku nwuak a̱byin Nggi̱lan (ku A̱merika Nggi̱li̱t) swanga̱lyiat ji di̱di̱ri̱k").[4]
A̱ya̱fang
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]- 1 2 Diouf, Sylviane A. (2016). Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons. New York: NYU. pp. 81, 171–177, 215, 309. ISBN 978-0-8147-2449-1. OCLC 864551110.
- ↑ O'Reggio, Trevor (2006). Between Alienation and Citizenship The Evolution of Black West Indian Society in Panama, 1914D1964. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 28. ISBN 9780761832379.
- ↑ African Caribbeans A Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. 2003. p. 74. ISBN 9780313039348.
- 1 2 Spitzer, Leo (1938). "Spanish cimarrón". Language. Linguistic Society of America". 14 (2): 145–147. doi:10.2307/408879. JSTOR 408879.
The Shorter Oxford Dictionary explains maroon 'fugitive negro slave' as from 'Fr. marron, said to be a corruption of Sp. cimarrón, wild, untamed'. But Eng. maroon is attested earlier (1666) than Fr. marron 'fugitive slave' (1701, in Furetière). If there is a connection between Eng. maroon, Fr. marron, and Sp. cimarrón, Spain (or Spanish America) probably gave the word directly to England (or English America).
- ↑ Ghyuap di̱n tyan: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPrice - 1 2 "maroon". A̱gban Swánga̱lyiat nShong Oxford (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (ku na yet ta a tyia̱ a̱lyoot ang ka ku a yet kap sot-nta̱m ji̱ yet memba a̱ni)
- ↑ "Maroon definition and meaning". Collins Dictionary (in English). Retrieved 16 Zwat Swak ma̱ng Sweang 2019.
- ↑ Campbell, Lyle (2000). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford University Press. p. 400. ISBN 978-0-19-514050-7.