A̱yaashong-ntswa̠m Bini
| Tafa | statue, relief sculpture  |
|---|---|
| A̱lyoot da̱nian | bronze, A̱byintyok Bini |
| A̱byin | Naijeriya |
| Shyia̱ di̱ fam tyok a̱byin | A̱gba̱ndang a̱keang Bini |
| A̱vwuo | Ethnologisches Museum Berlin, Myuziyom A̱bi̱ri̱ti̱n, Nigerian National Museum, Lagos |
| Significant event | Benin Expedition of 1897, looting |
| Made from material | copper-based alloy |
| Collection | Myuziyom A̱bi̱ri̱ti̱n, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Ethnologisches Museum Berlin |
| Vak nyian | lost-wax casting |
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A̱yaashong Ntswam Bini Yet sot a ntswam ja bat[1] tswam pilake mi̱ nuk nghwuughwu nang ang nyia ali ntyok abyin Bini ka zinzwuo shisham a̱ni a̱ja wa yet Sitet Edo Nijiriya.[2] tsi̱tswan jini á̱ ku jyia̱ ji bwak alya̱k aniet khwoot a̱bwubot tswam, ma ninin ka avuo nka shia di̱ dang Igun nang a̱bu lyen mang yet a̱kasa Igun-Eronmwon a̱ni. Angbam nkyang nani tak atan kidee ntam bwuak aniet Bini mi̱ anyia aku ghwut mi̱ anna mbwuak aniet ntam bwuak Bini di̱ lilyia̱ chikop swak manaai hu yet footi̱n santuari wu ani di bwuak aniet ntam bwuak Edo.[3][4][5][6][7] [8]. a̱yaa pi̱lake bani ang gyei bah A̱ma di̱ nwap Edo,[9] si̱huni hyia̱ nkap ku a kavuo mi̱ alyiat tarihi tyok Bini hu. zan mi yaa pilak bah nghwughwu nok bwuak ayaa bwubot tswam aghyang ang beang putiret appia̱,jewari mang abah twanf nkyang aghyang. Yaa sikopcu maat aghyang nshyia neet di̱ lilysia fwotin santwari,ang gbam mi̱n anyia̱ alyiak nkyang nani nshyia̱ neet mi̱ santwari swak mafwun mbeang swak mataa.
Á̱ nwuak achucuk nyia̱ jen lilyia̱ feang nang ntam ngya shansham Bini a̱ni ku bai wa nan Esi̱gii nnyia̱ tyiok a̱ni (f1.1550) mang jen tyiok Eresoyen(1735-1750)jen ajaja nang ntam tswam ba na nshyia̱ ya ason hu lan a̱ni di stwam ba jyia̱ a̱ni[10]. alyiak pilak ba mi̱n nkyang jyang awoot akop biriti̱n ku kwok na di̱ jen nang ba nti̱n aniet Bini ba a̱ni di̱ lyia 1897 nan Agbadang shang tyiok Abiriti̱n nkyiak tyiok a̱tak nijeriya hu a̱ni.[11].Si̱ huni tin tyiok Bini ku shyia wa danyiang ntan hyiai lan aciyet aniet Biriti̱n da ba ban nkyang jwang a̱ni bah mi̱n aniet mbah ba ba shyia̱ Afirika mi̱ zwat jyung di̱ lyia̱ 1879. aniet lyoot mi̱ lyat aghyang, nan Daan Hik a̱ni, ku ya fwuang nyia̱ fi̱n aniet huni ku yet kap akpati̱tai nkyang nang aswan asi̱ nyia̱ adidam hu a̱ni aka buo aniet bwung awot asii bwak ang teang wa di̱nyian ba ka hwuk nwuo Eropia hu di̱ san yason ntam kaswo A̱firika.[12] Nan ang ti̱n tyiok Bini hu a̱ni ba ku kwok twa nkyang chyisweang nat dyo mi̱n Miziyum Abiriti̱n si̱n landon awot a kum ka á si̱n kat dyio mi̱ yaa miziyum ba shyia yurop a̱ni. [13] Alyiak nkyang na shyia̱ Miziyum Biriti̱n,[11] mi̱n nkyang jyang madidi̱t shyia Munappia sitet mang Jami̱ni.[5][6][7] dī naat angaan lilyia̱ 19-santwari atyu lyoot aghyang O.M.Dalton mi̱ Charles Herculis ku fang abwobwuong ngaan nyia̱ lyen Bini tazwa ntam tswam neet davuo aniet kaswo potugat di nan tat aghyi nwonwai a̱ni̱.[7] Tyiok Abyin Bini hu wa ku yet avuo nan tat aghyi Afirika nshia̱ a̱ni awot aniet kaswo Potugat bah sii bai lilyim magbang,[10][11]. awot ashon tswam nan anyia̱ Bini a̱ni á̱ ku nyia̱ ba aniet potugat ba sii bai.[12]sikopchu ashong tswam taada Bini ji abyia adi̱dam ashyia ji wa neet ma nia̱hwop tyiok wu aku shyia kpankpaan ani tyiok abyin Ife ma tak Nijeriya ajeshyung.[5][6][7] Alyen Nkyang tswam mi̱n alyoot Ashong tswam Bini,[18] nan alyiak ashong tswam ajenshyung Afirika tswa jini alyiak yet ayaa ashong tswam ba byia̱ nkyang jyang mamyit a̱ni.[b] A si̱ bu byia̱ ban tswa na akyiai abwobwut tswam mi̱n abaat gu hu, akatako, siramik mi̱n ivory mi̱n nkyang jyia̱ ashong tswam aghyang.[20] Ba bi̱bi̱bram tswam aku jyia̱ na mi̱n atyiat waks si̱ ahwoot a̱ni awot jiku yet anyung mamyit ntam tswam A̱firika si skopchu nan ajyia̱ mi̱n bibaram ji tyiat a̱ni.[21] Bini nwuo kaswuo ivuri si pepa,mi̱n si̱ khwo min aniet potugat di̱ ngaan lilyia chyikop swak mafwun 15-santwari asi̱ ntyia hu mami ba tsitswam biras bali nan yaa bibyiai firi̱ng nan akwai neet potugat ani) nan vuo shyiaat tswam mi̱n sickuochu ba ji. ya manillat ashong tswam aku dam ba neet anedali̱n awot manini ka didam nyia ba neet min sot Rhineland ma byin jamani.[13][14]
Ya̱fang
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]- ↑ Dohlvik 2006, p. 7.
- ↑ Nevadomsky 2005, p. 66.
- ↑ "British Museum, "Curator's comments"". Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ↑ "Court Dwarfs | The Art Institute of Chicago". archive.artic.edu. Retrieved 2025-05-29.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Huera 1988, p. 36.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Huera 1988, p. 37.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Meyerowitz, Eva L. R. (1943). "Ancient Bronzes in the Royal Palace at Benin". The Burlington Magazine. The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd. 83 (487): 248–253. JSTOR 868735.
- ↑ "Digital Benin". digitalbenin.org. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
- ↑ Hicks, Dan (2020). The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution. London: Pluto Press. pp. 138–139.
- ↑ "Benin and the Portuguese". Khan Academy. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
- ↑ "The kingdom of Benin". Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ↑ Mihăilescu, Plutarh-Antoniu (1968). Întâlnire cu arta africană (in Romanian). Editura Meridiane. p. 48.
- ↑ Alberge, Dalya (5 April 2023). "Benin bronzes made from metal mined in west Germany, study finds". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ↑ Hsu, Jeremy (5 April 2023). "Famous Benin Bronzes from West Africa used metal sourced in Germany". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.