Emili Busi̱kan
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Á̱ lyuut ati̱kut wuni di̱n Tyap Maba̱ta̱do ja (Maba̱ta̱do) |
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| Sot mbyin | a̱nap  |
|---|---|
| A̱byin mbyin | Fi̱ransa (a̱byin) |
| A̱lyoot nang á̱ ku tyia̱ nggu | Émilie |
| A̱lyoot kyangbwak | Busquant |
| A̱tuk mbyin | 3 Zwat Tsat 1901 |
| A̱keang mbyin | Neuves-Maisons |
| A̱tuk kwi | 2 Zwat Swak 1953 |
| A̱keang kwi | Algiers |
| A̱tyunswat | Messali Hadj |
| Lilyem a̱ lyen lyiat, lyuut ku tyia̱ bwak ma̱ng a̱nhu a̱ni | Fi̱ransa |
| Ta̱m | women's rights activist |
| A̱guguut | Anticolonialism, anarcho-syndicalism |
Emili Busi̱kan (1901–1953) yet Fa̱ransa feminizi̱m, a̱nariko-fwun a̱yaat ma̱ng fi̱p tyok ci̱t a̱tyu nzwop a̱ ku nyeang a̱nap a̱kwak a̱son a̱byin Aljeriya Messali Hadj. Á̱ lyen nggu ma̱ng shyia̱ ndung mi̱ a̱niet nok a̱toot a̱byin A̱ljeriya wu.
Nkhang shyicet
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]A̱nyiung ma̱ng mmam a̱kubunyiung na, Emili laai a̱doot mi̱ a̱keang a̱sa̱ra̱i a̱vwuo-tyiet tat a̱pyia̱ si̱ Neuves-Maisons mi̱ Fa̱ransa a̱tyin a̱ ji wa nang a̱tyia̱ nggu wu nnyia̱ ta̱m mi̱ a̱di̱da̱i a̱vwuo shyui a̱baan.[1] A̱tyia̱ nggu wu kuyet a̱tyonyiung ma̱ng mi̱ a̱nariko-fwun a̱yaat a̱wot á̱ si̱ tyia̱ nggu di̱ vak kwai nfwuo a̱niet neet nang gu nin ngyet a̱di̱da̱i.[2] Á̱ si̱ swak nat Parit a̱wot a̱ nyia̱ ta̱m mi̱ sot a̱gban a̱ sii̱ du myem ma̱ng fung a̱tyu nswat a̱byin Aljeriya ma̱ng a̱tyu saai a̱ka̱kurum a̱kwai nfwuo a̱niet, Messali Hadj.[3] Ma̱nang hu kun ndi ma̱ a̱lyiat a̱vwuo-tyiet tat a̱pyia̱ a̱niet nyeang a̱ni, ba̱ doot a̱si̱ swan ndung da̱ mba ba̱ ka̱ nyia̱ nyeang ha tsa̱tsa̱p bah.[4] A̱bwuang mba wu, zang gu byin mba mman a̱feang, á̱ ku tyia̱ gu nyan mbwak ka̱u tyia̱ fwuo di̱ yaan a̱son ma̱ng a̱ka̱bung nyian fi̱p tyok cit.[5] Di̱n jen nang á̱ nyim Messali a̱ labeang mi̱ jaru a̱ni, Emili yong a̱lyiat a̱kwonu nggu a̱wot a̱ si̱ nyia̱ ta̱m ma̱ng a̱wat nggu ka ma̱nang a̱byii̱k-Fa̱ransa si̱ a̱sa̱ra̱i bat kyang a̱pyia̱ a̱niet Fa̱ransa ba̱ shim nwuak a̱pyia̱ di̱ "fa tat a̱pyia̱|tat a̱pyia̱]]" Aljeriya.[6]
A̱ ku jen jhyang lyen gu cucuk ma̱nang a̱tyu nok a̱toot a̱byin A̱ljeriya. A̱wot nang a̱ mbyia̱ a̱ghang a̱niet ya fwuang tazwa a̱cucuk a̱tyu nok lyim ma̱ng a̱sai mbeang a̱shong a̱tangwat ma̱ng nyan crescent,[7] Emili á̱ lyen a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng dyep nyia̱ nggu wa twuai a̱toot a̱byin ntsa wu.[2]
A̱ khwu mi̱ A̱ljeriya mi̱ 1953, A̱wot ma̱nang a̱tyok nggu wu wa ku shyia̱ mi̱ cung fwuong mi̱ Fa̱ransa. Á̱ ku nfwuong gu li kwom a̱byii̱k wu ma̱ a̱gbaat a̱khwu wu. A̱bibyiai 10,000 khwi a̱kwati nggu wu, nang á̱ gat mi̱ a̱toot a̱byin Aljeriya wu, kai vak a̱ba̱ndang a̱keang Aljeriya wu di̱ vak naat a̱fwung a̱taituut ka. Niat kwom nggu hu mi̱ Neuves-Maisons á̱ ku shyia̱ a̱gwam bya ma̱ng aniet á̱ fak dyo ma̱ng susot ji nang ku ya a̱lyia̱ wot ma̱ng a̱tyok nggu wu, mbwak a̱cam mman shan, a̱ si̱ nwuak a̱lyia̱ dyep a̱ njhyung a̱cyiet nggu ka a̱wot kwi gu "nyan mun a̱pyiā̄ Aljeriya ma̱ng a̱niet Fa̱ransa mi̱ swuo a̱bung ba̱ nyia̱ ndung a̱ni".[8]
A̱jujung nla̱mba á̱ buung, a̱keang nggu ka si̱ ghwut ma̱ng kyang ba̱ si̱ kpaat da̱nian á̱ ni jhyung gu ma̱ song mman jhyung swak ma̱ng a̱fwuon na si̱ a̱khwu nggu mi̱ 2003 a̱wot 2015 lyuut mbwak a̱kwak a̱son Rabah Zanoun si̱ tyai a̱niet cat Fa̱ransa ba nkhyang nggu na di̱ jen ntsa.[2]
Fang a̱zanson
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]- Drew, Allison (2014). "'This land is not for sale' Communists, nationalists and the popular front". We are no longer in France. Manchester University Press. doi:10.7765/9781847799210.00013. ISBN 9781847799210.
- Goebel, Michael (2019). "Spokesmen, Spies, and Spouses: Anticolonialism, Surveillance, and Intimacy in Interwar France". The Journal of Modern History. 91 (2): 380–414. doi:10.1086/703145. ISSN 0022-2801.
- Hachemaoui, Mohammed (2020). "Algeria: From One Revolution to the Other? The Metamorphosis of the State-Regime Complex" (PDF). Sociétés politiques comparées (51): 1–69. ISSN 2429-1714.
- MacMaster, Neil (2011). "The Role of European Women and the Question of Mixed Couples in the Algerian Nationalist Movement in France, Circa 1918–1962". French Historical Studies. 34 (2): 357–386. doi:10.1215/00161071-1157376. ISSN 0016-1071.
- Nadi, Selim (2018). "The Algerian Revolution, the French state and the colonial counter-revolutionary strategy of the Holy Republic". International Journal of Francophone Studies. 21 (3–4): 301–323. doi:10.1386/ijfs.21.3-4.301_1. ISSN 1368-2679.
- Phipps, Caroline (2022). "'Disgusting and Intolerable': Sexual Relationships between European Women and Moroccan Men in French Morocco in the 1940s and 1950s". Gender & History. 34 (1): 222–242. doi:10.1111/1468-0424.12525. ISSN 0953-5233.
- Rominger, Chris (2018). "Nursing Transgressions, Exploring Difference: North Africans in French Medical Spaces during World War I". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 50 (4): 691–713. doi:10.1017/S0020743818000880.
- Zagoria, Janet Dorsch (1973). The Rise and Fall of the Movement of Messali Hadj in Algeria, 1924-1954 (PhD). Columbia University. Ta̱mpi̱let:ProQuest.
Ya̱fang
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]- ↑ Stora, Benjamin (2004). Messali Hadj 1898-1974. Paris: Pluriel. p. 48.
- 1 2 3 Kessous, Mustapaha (23 January 2015). "Émilie Busquant, la plus algérienne des Francaises". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ↑ Stora. Messali Hadj. p. 48.
- ↑ Gallissot, René (2004). "Émilie Busquant, dite Mme Messali". Insaniyat (25–26): 151. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.6325.
- ↑ Stora, Benjamin (1985). Dictionnaire biographique de militants nationalistes algériens. L'Harmattan. p. 404.
- ↑ "Discours de Mme Messali à La Mutualité". El Ouma. December 1934.
- ↑ Houda, B. (20 August 1997). "Le vert, le blanc, l'étoile et le croissant Qui a conçu le drapeau algérien ?". El Watan. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ↑ Gallissot 2004, p. 157.