Fwa Afi̱rika
| Tafa | colonisation of Africa  |
|---|---|
| Kap | colonization, colonisation of Africa |
| Jen ntsa | 1885 |
| Jen tyiai | 1914 |
| Contributing factor of | Zwang Swanta I |
Fwa Afi̱rika kuyet a̱ci̱t kya, ya-a̱nywuan, ma̱ng tyok ci̱t si̱ a̱lyiak Afi̱rika tat a̱niet a̱byin jenshyung Yurop tyok byia̱ cet shyia̱ mbwak bwan bubwan á̱ka̱vwuo a̱bwuanng a̱ka̱feang di̱n jen nang ndyia̱19th ma̱ng a̱faan ndyia̱ 20th mi̱ ce si̱ "Imperialism a̱fai": Belgium, Fi̱ransa (a̱byin), Jami̱ni, Amerika A̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱, Italya, Potugat ma̱ng Si̱pen. during the Cold War, and decided to keep their colonial borders in the Organisation of African Unity conference of 1964 due to fears of civil wars and regional instability, placing emphasis on pan-Africanism.[1]
Mi̱ ndyia̱ 1870, 10% of the continent was formally under European control. By 1914, this figure had risen to almost 90%; the only states retaining sovereignty were Liberia, Ethiopia, Egba,[lower-alpha 1] Aussa, Senusiyya,[3] Mbunda,[4] the Dervish State, the Darfur Sultanate,[5] and the Ovambo kingdoms,[6][7] most of which were later conquered.
A̱ni̱nan
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]Ma̱ 1841, A̱tyok-abwuang ma̱ng Yurop si̱ kpaat a̱ba̱di̱dai gaat ka̱shwuo kpankpaan ma̱ nnan a̱sa̱khwot Afi̱rika, a̱wot ba̱ ma̱ng a̱ti̱ri̱m nya bah ,a̱ si̱ bwok nyuo ma̱mi a̱byin, ba̱ si̱ lap vam ba̱ yong kpankpaan ma̱ng A̱ghyui ka.
Ya̱fang
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]- ↑ Touval, Saadia (1967). "The Organization of African Unity and African Borders". International Organization. 21 (1): 102–127. doi:10.1017/S0020818300013151. JSTOR 2705705.
- ↑ Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (4 May 2019). "From Crime to Coercion: Policing Dissent in Abeokuta, Nigeria, 1900–1940". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 47 (3): 474–489. doi:10.1080/03086534.2019.1576833. ISSN 0308-6534. S2CID 159124664.
- ↑ Hadaway, Stuart (2014). Pyramids and Fleshpots: The Egyptian, Senussi and Eastern Mediterranean Campaigns (1914–1916). The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5808-0.
- ↑ Association, Cheke Cultural Writers (1994). "Chapter 14: The Kolongongo War Against the Portuguese". The history and cultural life of the Mbunda speaking peoples (in English). The Association. ISBN 9789982030069.
- ↑ Bassil, Noah R. (2006-12-01). "The Rise and Demise of the Keira Sultanate of Dar Fur". The Journal of North African Studies. 11 (4): 347–364. doi:10.1080/13629380601036098. ISSN 1362-9387.
- ↑ Williams, Frieda-Nela (1991). Precolonial Communities of Southwestern Africa: A history of Owambo Kingdoms 1600–1920 (PDF). National Archives of Namibia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-03-07. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ↑ Fokkens, Andries (2023). "The ovamboland expedition of 1917: the deposing of King Mandume". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 34 (2): 382–421. doi:10.1080/09592318.2022.2153468.
Ntam á̱ ku shyei a̱ni
[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]- Brantlinger, Patrick (1985). "Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent" (PDF). Critical Inquiry. 12 (1): 166–203. doi:10.1086/448326. JSTOR 1343467. S2CID 161311164.
- Hochschild, Adam (2006) [1998]. King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. London: Pan Books. ISBN 978-0-330-44198-8.
- Pakenham, Thomas (1991). The Scramble for Africa: The White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912. London: Abacus. ISBN 978-0-349-10449-2. OL 9863165M.
- Robinson, Ronald; Gallagher, John; Denny, Alice (1961). Africa and the Victorians: The official mind of imperialism (2 ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 9780333310069. OL 17989466M.
- Shillington, Kevin (2005). History of Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-59957-0.
- Southall, Roger; Melber, Henning (2009). A New Scramble For Africa?: Imperialism, Investment and Development. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
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