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Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin

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Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin
resistance movement, road network
Kapslavery in the United States Jhyuk
Significant personLevi Coffin, Thomas Garrett, Harriet Tubman Jhyuk
A̱lyoot da̱nianrailway Jhyuk
A̱byinMuná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet A̱merika Jhyuk
Political ideologyabolitionism Jhyuk
Jen ntsa1800 Jhyuk
Jen tyiai1863 Jhyuk
OperatorNational Park Service Jhyuk
Byia̱ za̱kwaconfidentiality Jhyuk

Vak A̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin hu kuyet shiri̱ya ngwat nvak nyia̱ na shyia̱ di̱n nyat a̱wot na ka san á̱ka̱sa njhyang á̱ nyia̱ tam ma̱ na mbwak a̱niet ca̱t kwai ka̱nka̱rang ba ka shot da a̱ka̱kpat A̱za a̱keang tung A̱meri̱ka ma̱ng A̱tak a̱keang Ka̱na̱da. Ba ka khwo A̱fi̱rika ma̱ng A̱fi̱rika A̱meri̱ka[1] ba̱ shot mbwak da̱ khwo ka ma̱ angang ma̱nang centuri̱ 16 ma̱ng a̱ghyang ba shwot a̱ni si̱ shyia̱ san bah.[2][3][4] A̱wot a̱nyia̱ , nwuna̱lyiat ssai a̱ka̱sa á̱ lyen hu a̱mgba̱m ma̱ng a̱lyoot Vsk Ataintuut Tafas̱byin á̱ ku tsa jhya hu mi̱ ndyia̱ 1780s tsatsak a̱ka̱sa a̱ka̱keang á̱ ku gbi̱ri̱m mi̱ A̱za.[5][6] Hu ku ya a̱kai A̱za a̱wot hu si̱ laai kuzang jen si̱ ma̱nang Tak kpa̱sai shyia̱ sa̱t ku ntyia̱ bwak mi̱ 1863 mbwak A̱kwaka̱son A̱byin wu Ibrahim Li̱nkon.[7] A̱niet ca̱t tyong shot ba̱ si̱ ca̱t a̱ba̱kum mumwang ba̱ nshot nat a̱si̱tet ku na byia̱ mba swat nyinying a̱ a̱ni, a̱wot ba̱ dam ku kyiak a̱ ja o ba tat a̱byin Canada.[8]

Vak a̱taintuut Tafaa̱byin ka kyiak neet ma̱ tyan ji á̱ nnyia̱ khwo a̱ni. Nvak na si̱ kai di si̱sak nang ndi wa a̱ni mȧ̱ng jhya mbwak a̱di̱dam a̱tyubishyi da̱ a̱ka̱cyet - a̱ka̱ghyui, The routes followed natural and man-made modes of transportation - rivers, canals, bays, ma̱ A̱talanti̱k Coast, a̱gi̱ri̱gi̱ a̱sa̱khwot ma̱ng a̱ghyui bei, vak ma̱ng a̱taintuut. A̱gaat a̱vwuo ka shyia̱ kpa̱nkpaan ma̱ a̱ka̱tyan, si̱sak nang á̱ wai teang kurum a̱ni ma̱ng a̱gi̱ga̱k swanta si̱ tyia̱i a̱niet swoot.

Wuna̱lyiat hu, ku yet ta̱m si̱ nwei teang kurum ma̱ng a̱khwo Á̱niet A̱fi̱rika A̱merika,[9] ku beang mba mbwak a̱niet gbi̱ri̱m ma̱ng a̱niet fwuong shok a̱gyang si̱ mi̱n a̱ khwuat a̱nietca̱tshot.[10] A̱niet khwo ba nyanyan bya ku tyia̱ swuan ba ma̱ a̱bung ya̱baat ma̱ng a̱gyang ba ba̱ ku niat mba a̱ni meang ku yet a̱niet a̱ ku saai á̱ kyiak mba mȧ̱nang a̱pasenja byia̱ a̱ni ma̱ng a̱ka̱bwu mota a̱ si̱ taintuut bya, ma̱ shwoshwuon.[11] Various other routes led to Mexico,[12] A̱vwuo ka a̱khwo ba ku ncuyok a̱ni, ma̱ng A̱zabyin mi̱ kari̱bi̱ya ba ku yet kap a̱khwo a̱niet a̱bwuanng bah.[13] A̱wot a̱shot swak ka ku kai vak ncung kai a̱ca̱caat a̱tyin Florida, a̱wot Panit hu ba ku ci̱t hu (ka̱nang ndyia̱ 1763–1783), hu si̱ ya a̱son neet a̱zanson ndyia̱ 17th si̱ nang a̱tyan ndyia̱ 1790.[14][15] A̱ca̱caat njen Zwang A̱saibung A̱merika, a̱niet ca̱t swat nyinyang si̱ shoot mbwak lang muna̱pyia̱ ba mi̱ A̱tyin ba ka shyia̱ swat nyinyang mba hu. A̱tyu tyan kyang a̱gyang si̱ nyia̱ dam nyia̱ tat ndyia̱ 1850, ma̱nang tyan a̱khwo 100,000 shyia̱ shot bai swat nyinyang di̱n vak ngwun.[7] Da̱ hyia̱ profeso a̱ kan swak a̱ni Pan-A̱fi̱rika fang J. Blaine Hudson, a̱tyu a̱ ku yet dean si̱ a̱gba̱ndang a̱lifang Arts ma̱ng Tyan ma̱ a̱gba̱ndang a̱lifang si̱ Louisville, ma̱ a̱ca̱caat a̱tyak nzwang A̱saibung ba, shi swak 500,000 á̱niet A̱fi̱rika A̱merika shyia̱ ka̱nka̱ra̱ng Tyok da̱nian khwo ma̱ Taintuut Tafaa̱byin.

Ya̱fang

[jhyuk | jhyuk a̱tyin ka]
  1. ↑ Hunter, Carol (December 20, 2013). To Set the Captives Free. Reverend Jermain Wesley Loguen and the struggle for freedom in central New York 1835–1872 (2nd ed.). Hyrax Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 978-1494767983.
  2. ↑ Special Resource Study, Management Concepts Underground Railroad. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center. 1995. p. 19.
  3. ↑ "What is the Underground Railroad?". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2025-02-08. Retrieved 9 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ↑ "New Jersey's Underground Railroad Heritage". New Jersey Historical Commission. New Jersey State Library. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  5. ↑ "Historic Context for the Underground Railroad". Researching and Interpreting the Underground Railroad. The National Park Service. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  6. ↑ "The Underground Railroad c. 1780–1862". Africans in America. PBS. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Vox, Lisa (May 2, 2025). "3 Major Ways Enslaved People Showed Resistance to a Life in Bondage". ThoughtCo. Retrieved July 1, 2025.
  8. ↑ Cross, L.D. (2010). The Underground Railroad: The long journey to freedom in Canada. Toronto, ON: James Lorimer Limited, Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55277-581-3.
  9. ↑ Hunter, Carol (December 20, 2013). To Set the Captives Free. Reverend Jermain Wesley Loguen and the struggle for freedom in central New York 1835–1872 (2nd ed.). Hyrax Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 978-1494767983.
  10. ↑ "Underground Railroad". dictionary.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2011. Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:-'A network of houses and other places abolitionists used to help enslaved Black African Americans escape to freedom in the northern states or in Canada ... ' – American Heritage Dictionary
  11. ↑ "The Underground Railroad". Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  12. ↑ Leanos, Reynaldo Jr. (2017). "This underground railroad took slaves to freedom in Mexico, PRI's The World, Public Radio International, March 29, 2017". Minneapolis, MN: Public Radio International. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
  13. ↑ Leesa Jones Interview Transcript, 2020-01-07 [SHE.OH.017]. 2020.
  14. ↑ Smith, Bruce (March 18, 2012). "For a century, Underground Railroad ran south". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  15. ↑ McIver, Stuart (February 14, 1993). "Fort Moses's Call To Freedom. Florida's Little-known Underground Railroad Was the Escape Route Taken by Slaves Who Fled to the State in the 1700s and Established America's First Black Town". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.

Sources

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Folklore and myth

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