Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Cite web/doc

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template. Do not use this template in the "External links" section of articles.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

For references with author credit {{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} For references without author credit {{cite web |url= |title= |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} Most commonly used parameters in vertical format {{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} Full parameter set in horizontal format {{cite web |url= |url-access= |title= |last= |first= |author= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |orig-date= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor= |editor-link= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |editors= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |agency= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |ref= |postscript=}} Full parameter set in vertical format Vertical list Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes {{cite web |url= |url-access= |title= |last= |first= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |orig-date= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |agency= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |ref= |postscript=}}           last   last last2           editor-last   editor-last editor2-last                                                                       url  url  url, archive-date archive-url               required   required                                                                                                                       If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left. Choosing between Template:cite web and Template:cite news Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use {{cite web}} or {{cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated. As of Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Diff, {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences: {{cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided {{cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{cite web}} does not (See Help:Citation Style 1 § Pages; see also {{cite magazine}}). But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same: cite web: Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. cite news: Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. Examples {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. {{cite web |url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/ |title=NFL Rules Digest |website=NFL Football Operations |publisher=[[National Football League]] |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} "NFL Rules Digest". NFL Football Operations. National Football League. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. Using "format=" When this template detects a link whose URL includes an extension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of PDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if |format=PDF had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit |format=PDF parameter would be redundant, so it is not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (ref)) {{cite web |url=https://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. If the link is to a PDF file that is not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter |format=PDF, which displays " (PDF)" after the link. {{cite web |url=https://www.sample.com/somePDFdocument.000 |title=Some PDF Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=PDF |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} "Some PDF Document" (PDF). Sample Int'l. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an .odt file, you may add the parameter |format=ODT, which displays " (ODT)" after the link. {{cite web |url=https://www.sample.com/someODTdocument.odt |title=Some ODT Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=ODT |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} "Some ODT Document" (ODT). Sample Int'l. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. Foreign language and translated title {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026 |language=fr |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}} Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (in French). Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. Using author-link {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. Multiple authors {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005). "Our Favourite Things". Encyclopaedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. No author {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. No author, no publisher {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026}} "Index of Sharp Things". April 30, 2005. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026 |language=el}} "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (in Greek). 2005-04-30. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived By default, if "archive-url" is used, the parameter |url-status=dead is assumed and the resulting main link is to the archived version: {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}} "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. 2005-04-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-09-07. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. When |url-status=live is specified, the resulting main link is to the original page: {{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572 |title=DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive) |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 18, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022181821/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572 |archive-date=October 22, 2015}} "DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. September 18, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015. With |url-status=unfit or usurped, the original is not linked at all: {{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archive-date=19 May 2011}} "London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) Using quote {{cite web |url=https://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |date=2008 |access-date=19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026 |quote=...&nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&nbsp;...'}} "Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Retrieved 19 Zwat Jhyiung 2026. ... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...' Parameters Syntax COinS What's new What's new or changed recently Parameter Description Date N/A Deprecated Description Authors Title : The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g. espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: Date Website Publisher Series series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted. In-source locations URL url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Crossref Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message. access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate. archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Crossref and archive.today Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Crossref; requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl. archive-date: Archive service snapshot date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate. url-status: A control parameter to select one of |url= or |archive-url= to link |title=; requires url and archive-url. Use {{dead link}} to mark dead |url= when there is no |archive-url=. Accepts multiple keywords: dead – (default condition when |url-status= omitted or empty) selects |archive-url= live – selects |url=; used when |url= is preemptively archived with |archive-url= deviated – selects |archive-url=; used when |url= is still live but no longer supports the text in a Wikipedia article unfit – selects |archive-url=; used when |url= links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, or other unsuitable page; links to |url= are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead usurpation or blacklist. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQ usurped – selects |archive-url=; used when the domain in |url= no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities such as vice, reseller, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, and advertising sites; links to |url= are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQ bot: unknown – Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately. archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Crossref url-access: Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Crossref format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Crossref Anchor : the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: . Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let:Crossref Identifiers Quote Editors Lay summary Display options Subscription or registration required Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles. Four access levels can be used: access indicator for named identifiers: free: the source is free to read for anyone access indicators for url-holding parameters: registration: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration limited: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall") As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link. Access indicators for url-holding parameters Bu nwuan: WP:CONLINK Online sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked as free. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add |archive-url= and |archive-date= values if possible. URL-holding and access-indicator parameters URL Access Allowed keywords |url= |url-access= registration limited subscription |article-url= |article-url-access= |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access= |contribution-url= |contribution-url-access= |entry-url= |entry-url-access= |map-url= |map-url-access= |section-url= |section-url-access= For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription: {{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}} which renders as: "Nifty example data". 2021-04-15. Access indicator for named identifiers Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription. Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters Identifier Access Allowed keywords |bibcode= |bibcode-access= free |doi= |doi-access= |hdl= |hdl-access= |jstor= |jstor-access= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |ssrn= |ssrn-access= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are: |arxiv= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |medrxiv= |pmc= |rfc= For embargoed that will become available in the future, see . Tracking of free DOIs The template is able to recognize known free-to-read DOI registrants, based on a list in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration. Once a free registrant is identified, the 10.xxxx/... part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under local function build_free_doi_registrants_table(). If |doi-access=free is not set, it will place the page in Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI, which is routinely cleared by User:Citation bot. The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear 10.xxxx/yyyy.... DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration under local extended_registrants_t = { with the format ['XXXX'] = {'YYYY'},. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format ['XXXX'] = {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},. If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration, leave a note at User talk:Citation bot so the bot knows about it. TemplateData This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData. TemplateData for Cite web Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc. Template parameters This template has custom formatting. Parameter Description Type Status Last name last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Line suggested First name first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Line suggested Author link author-link author-link1 author1-link subject-link subject-link1 subject1-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Page name optional Last name 2 last2 author2 The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'. Line optional First name 2 first2 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 2 author-link2 author2-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. Page name optional Last name 3 last3 author3 The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'. Line optional First name 3 first3 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 3 author-link3 author3-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. Page name optional Last name 4 last4 author4 The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'. Line optional First name 4 first4 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 4 author-link4 author4-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. Page name optional Last name 5 last5 author5 The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'. Line optional First name 5 first5 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 5 author-link5 author5-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. Page name optional Last name 6 last6 author6 The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'. Line optional First name 6 first6 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 6 author-link6 author6-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. Page name optional Last name 7 last7 author7 The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'. Line optional First name 7 first7 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 7 author-link7 author7-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. Page name optional Last name 8 last8 author8 The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'. Line optional First name 8 first8 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 8 author-link8 author8-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. Page name optional Last name 9 last9 author9 The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. Line optional First name 9 first9 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 9 author-link9 author9-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. Page name optional Authors list authors people host List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used. String optional Author mask author-mask Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Display authors display-authors Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. String optional Name list style name-list-style Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style. Suggested values amp and vanc String optional Source date date Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink Date suggested Year of publication year Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with disambiguating letter String optional Original date orig-date Original date of publication; provide specifics String optional Editor last name editor-last editor1-last editor The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors. Line optional Editor first name editor-first editor1-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first' Line optional Editor link editor-link editor1-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors Page name optional Editor last name 2 editor2-last editor2 The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. Line optional Editor first name 2 editor2-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 2 editor2-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor. Page name optional Editor last name 3 editor3-last editor3 The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. Line optional Editor first name 3 editor3-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 3 editor3-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor. Page name optional Editor last name 4 editor4-last editor4 The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. Line optional Editor first name 4 editor4-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 4 editor4-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor. Page name optional Editor last name 5 editor5-last editor5 The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. Line optional Editor first name 5 editor5-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 5 editor5-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor. Page name optional Editor last name 6 editor6-last editor6 The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. Line optional Editor first name 6 editor6-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 6 editor6-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor. Page name optional Editor last name 7 editor7-last editor7 The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. Line optional Editor first name 7 editor7-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 7 editor7-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor. Page name optional Editor last name 8 editor8-last editor8 The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. Line optional Editor first name 8 editor8-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 8 editor8-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor. Page name optional Editor last name 9 editor9-last editor9 The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. Line optional Editor first name 9 editor9-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 9 editor9-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor. Page name optional Others others Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith' String optional Title title The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website. String required Script title script-title For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:... String optional Translated title trans-title An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended String optional URL url URL The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "https://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..." Example https://www.metacritic.com//... URL required URL access level url-access Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited') Suggested values registration subscription limited String optional URL status url-status If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all. Suggested values dead live usurped unfit Default 'dead' if an Archive URL is entered Example 'dead' or 'live' String suggested Archive URL archive-url The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date' Auto value URL suggested Archive date archive-date Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink Date suggested Archive format archive-format Format of the archived copy; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML String optional URL access date access-date The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink Date suggested Name of the website website work Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases. Example [[Rotten Tomatoes]] String suggested Series identifier series Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal String optional Publisher publisher Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases. Example [[CBS Interactive]] (which owns "Metacritic.com") String optional Location of publication location Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place' String optional Page page Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' String optional Pages pages Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.' String optional At at May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient String optional Language language lang The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name or one of the standard MediaWiki language codes; do not use icons or templates; separate multiple languages with commas (with no 'and' before the last one) Example de, fr, es String optional Type type Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case String optional Format format Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML String optional Place of publication publication-place Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' String optional Publication date publication-date Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink Date optional Published via via Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work. Example [[GitHub]], [[SourceForge]], [[CodePlex]], [[YouTube]], [[Vimeo]], [[Dailymotion]], [[Netflix]], [[Archive.org]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[grc.com]] String optional No pp no-pp Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') Auto value y Boolean optional arXiv identifier arxiv An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers String optional ASIN asin Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters String optional ASIN TLD asin-tld ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US String optional Bibcode bibcode Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters String optional biorXiv biorxiv biorXiv identifier; 6 digits Line optional CiteSeerX citeseerx CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter Line optional DOI doi Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' String optional DOI broken date doi-broken-date The date that the DOI was determined to be broken Auto value Date optional ISBN isbn International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible String optional ISSN issn International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen String optional jfm code jfm Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code String optional JSTOR jstor JSTOR identifier String optional LCCN lccn Library of Congress Control Number String optional MR mr Mathematical Reviews identifier String optional OCLC oclc Online Computer Library Center number String optional OL ol Open Library identifier String optional OSTI osti Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier String optional PMC pmc PubMed Center article number String optional PMID pmid PubMed Unique Identifier String optional RFC rfc Request for Comments number String optional SSRN ssrn Social Science Research Network String optional Zbl zbl Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier String optional id id A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable String optional Quote quote Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation String optional Ref ref An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references String optional Postscript postscript The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined Default . String optional Edition edition Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.' Example 2nd Line optional Bibcode access level bibcode-access If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional DOI access level doi-access If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional HDL access level hdl-access If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional Jstor access level jstor-access If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional OpenLibrary access level ol-access If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional OSTI access level osti-access If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional Agency agency The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse String optional Notes